7 (also written

Религия: колдовство, чары, заклинание, магическая формула

Общая лексика: извещ

Общая лексика: авизо

Религия: рукопись

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

abs

1) learn (be able, be unable, know how, etc.) to write учиться и т.д. писать; show a child how to write учить ребенка писать; this pen does not write эта ручка не пишет

2) make a living by writing зарабатывать на жизнь литературным трудом, быть профессиональным писателем; his ambition was to write его мечтой было стать писателем

3) he promised to write он обещал писать

1) write in some manner write very well (neatly, clearly /legibly/, properly, very badly, small, etc.) писать аккуратно и т.д.; this реп writes scratchily это перо царапает

2) write at some time write every week (once a week, regularly, often, rarely, occasionally, etc.) писать (письма) каждую неделю и т.д.; write somewhere write home писать домой

3) write in some manner write amusingly (cleverly, satirically, ironically, convincingly, realistically, dogmatically, etc.) писать занятно и т.д.; write clearly and forcibly писать /выражать свои мысли/ четко и убедительно

1) write words (Greek letters, one's alphabet, two copies of a letter, your address, etc.) писать /написать/ слова и т.д.; write Chinese characters писать китайскими иероглифами; write one's name a) написать свое имя; б) поставить свою подпись; write shorthand стенографировать; write a good (round, legible, niggling, etc.) hand иметь хороший и т.д. почерк; he wrote several pages он исписал несколько страниц

2) write a book (a poem, a novel, essays, an article, a story, a review, a report, smb.'s biography, etc.) писать /написать/ книгу и т.д.; write music (a symphony, songs, etc.) сочинять музыку и т.д.

3) write a letter (a note, a message, etc.) написать письмо и т.д.; write a cheque (a certificate, a prescription, an order, etc.) выписывать чек и т.д.; write one's will (an application, etc.) составить заявление и т.д.

1) write smth. in some manner write English well (Spanish better than he speaks it, a letter hurriedly, etc.) хорошо писать по-английски и т.д.; he cannot write even a letter satisfactorily он даже письма не может написать как надо; write smth. somewhere write your name here поставьте свою подпись вот-здесь

2) write smb. at some time write smb. every day (twice a week, often, at once, etc.) писать кому-л. каждый день и т.д.; we wrote you last week мы отправили вам письмо на прошлой неделе; have you written your family yet? вы уже написали домой?

1) be written in /with/ smth. it is written in ink (in pen, in pencil, with the reformed alphabet, with Chinese characters, with different ideographs, etc.) это написано чернилами и т.д.; it is written in English это написано по-английски; this word is written with a 'g' (with a hyphen, etc.) это слово пишется через букву 'g' и т.д.; be written somewhere the name is written underneath подпись стоит внизу; the paper is written all over бумажка вся исписана; be written by smb., smth. that was not written by me это написано не мной; be written by hand быть написанным от руки

2) be written by smb. they found that this story was also written by Chekhov они установили, что этот рассказ был также написан Чеховым; be written for smth. the article is written expressly for the use of the paper эта статья написана специально для газеты; be written in some manner the story is briskly (brightly, carefully, well, etc.) written рассказ написан живо и т.д.; this letter is well written but badly spelt это письмо хорошо написано, но в нем масса орфографических ошибок

3) be written to he ought to be written to ему следует написать /сообщить/, его надо известить; be written that... it is written that the book will come out next year сообщают, что эта книга выйдет в будущем году

4) be written on /in/ smth. honesty (candour, frankness, innocence, refinement, his selfishness, etc.) is written on /in/ his face у него честное и т.д. лицо; his guilt is written on his face по лицу видно /у него на лице написано/, что он виноват; be written in one's soul (in one's heart) быть запечатленным в сердце (в душе) || there's detective written all over him по всему его виду можно безошибочно сказать, что он сыщик; сразу видно, что он сыщик

1) write on (in, under, etc.) smth. write on a blackboard (on both sides of the paper, on parchment, on the slate, etc.) писать на доске и т.д.; write in one's notebook записывать в тетрадь; write in the hotel register расписаться /записать свою фамилию/ в регистрационной книге гостиницы; write in the sand чертить на песке; write under the date подписаться) под датой; write at some time children learn to write in /from/ their sixth year /at the age of six/ дети начинают писать в шесть лет; write with /in/ smth. write with a pen (in pencil, with a ball-point pen, with ink, with chalk, etc.) писать ручкой и т.д.; I want something to write with мне надо что-нибудь, чем можно писать; write with the left hand писать левой рукой; write in big characters (in small letters, with small initials, etc.) писать большими буквами и т.д.; write in full писать полностью; write with abbreviations пользоваться сокращениями при письме; he writes in round hand у него круглый почерк; can you write in shorthand? вы умеете стенографировать?; write for some time I've been writing for three hours я уже три часа пишу || write from dictation писать под диктовку

2) write about /of/ (on) smth. write about gardening (about the war, of the future entertainingly, about their customs, etc.) писать о садоводстве и т.д.; there are always plenty of topics to write about всегда есть много тем, на которые можно писать; write on the subject (too much on the matter, calmly and sensibly on the question, etc.) писать на данную тему /по данному вопросу/ и т.д.; write on mathematics (on Japan, etc.) писать о математике и т.д.; write in smth. write in the papers (in magazines, etc.) сотрудничать в газетах и т.д.; thus he writes in his recent book так он пишет в своей последней книге; write in verse (in good style, etc.) писать стихами и т.д.; write for smb., smth. write for young folk (for the masses, for a newspaper, for a magazine, for a musical theatre, for a prospectus. for posterity, etc.) писать для молодежи и т.д.; write for the screen писать для кино, писать сценарии; write for the stage писать пьесы, быть драматургом; write for a living зарабатывать литературным трудом; write against smb., smth. write against this author (against smb.'s book, etc.) выступать в печати против этого автора и т.д.; write with smth. write with ease (with artistic skill, etc.) писать с легкостью /легко/ и т.д. || write under a pen-name (under his own name) писать под псевдонимом (под своим именем)

3) write to smb. write directly to his father (to you soon, to her family every week, to his mother, etc.) писать непосредственно его отцу и т.д.; he wrote to me [saying] that... он написал /сообщил/ мне, что...; write to him about his brother (about the business, about their victory, etc.) написать ему о его брате и т.д.; write to smth. write to London (to some little town, etc.) писать в Лондон и т.д.; write to his former address написать по его старому адресу; write to the Times (to a magazine, etc.) написать в газету "Тайме" и т.д.; write from some place write from Tokyo написать из Токио; write [to smb.] for smth. write to one's brother for advice (for a fresh supply, for money, etc.) написать брату с просьбой дать совет и т.д.; he wrote to me for help в письме он обратился ко мне за помощью

1) write smth. in (to) (on, at, etc.) smth. write one's exercises in a copy-book (one's name in the visitors' book, the facts in one's diary, notes in the margin, etc.) писать /записывать/ упражнения в тетрадь и т.д.; write his name into the list внести его имя в список; write a new paragraph into a document вставить новый параграф в документ; write slogans on the wall (few words on a piece of paper, these figures on the board, etc.) писать лозунги на стене и т.д.; write your name at the bottom of the page распишитесь /поставьте свою подпись/ внизу страницы; write it in your own hand напишите /запишете/ это своей собственной рукой

2) write smth. on /about/ smth. write a book on French history (an article about his experience in the Army, stories on topics about which they really know very little, etc.) писать книгу по французской истории и т.д.; write smth. for smth. write [the] music for a play сочинять /писать/ музыку для пьесы

3) write smth. to smb. write a letter to him (a note to a friend, etc.) (надписать ему письмо и т.А; write smb. about smth. I will write you about the details later on я сообщу вам о подробностях позже

1) write if... (that..., etc.) write if you get work (that he has been ill, that he is leaving tomorrow, etc.) сообщить /написать/, если вы получите работу и т.д.

2) write that... Shakespeare (Bacon, Herodotus, a great scholar, etc.) writes that... Шекспир и т.д. пишет /говорит/, что...

write smb. that... (how..., etc.) write the family that he was staying with his brother (that she would be home for Christmas, etc.) сообщить /написать/ домой, что он гостит у брата и т.д.; write me how you got home напишите мне, как вы доехали [домой]

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.

With subst.:

hic homo sanus non est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

genus hoc,

id. ib. 1, 25:

hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

id. ib. 1, 1:

his libris,

id. ib. 1, 7:

hae feriae,

id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

hoc otio,

id. ib. 9 fin.:

haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

id. ib. 1, 10:

ad haec cituma,

id. ib. 1, 21:

hic vir,

Liv. 7, 39, 12.—

Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 12:

haec Scipio cum dixisset,

id. ib. 1, 11:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 7.—

More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

hujusce,

id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

hisce homines ubi habitent,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

hisce,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

haec aedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

haec (puellae),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

haec sententiae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

aliut posticum harunce aedium,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

harunc aedium,

id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

horunc,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

harunc aedium,

id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

hisce,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

hosce,

id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

apud hasce aedes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

hasce,

id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

hicinest?

id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

haecine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

huncine hominem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

so in the shorter form, hicne,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

ex hocne equo,

id. Fat. 3, 5:

cum hocne,

id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

ex hacne natura,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

HVIVSQ. LOCI,

id. ib. 1580; 2300;

and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

id. ib. 2488.—

With other pronouns:

hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

haec eadem genera,

Quint. 6, 3, 54:

hoc ipsum civile jus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

ad hunc eum ipsum,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

idem hoc ipsum,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

huic illi legato,

id. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

hujus istius facti stultitia,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

ista haec epigrammata,

Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

callidum quendam hunc,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—

Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

id. 3, 6, 95:

in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

id. 5, 7, 33:

haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

Quint. 4, 4, 8:

vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

id. 7, 3, 9:

alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

Ov. M. 1, 293.—

Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—

In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

quid hoc hominist?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

quid hoc morbi est?

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

quid hoc est negoti?

id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

edormiscam hoc villi,

id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

Liv. 42, 18, 7:

hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

id. 5, 2, 8:

hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

id. 3, 25, 4:

hoc consilii,

id. 5, 39, 6:

hoc solacii,

id. 30, 13, 13:

hoc noctis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—

Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

lucet hoc,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—

Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

huic homini, i. q. mihi,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

hic homo, i. q. ego,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

hunc hominem, i. q. me,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

haec res,

my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

hunc in collum,

my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—

With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

Liv. 3, 20:

his temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

ante hos sex menses,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

ante hoc triduum,

Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.

Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).

With relat. clause:

Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

id. ib. 1, 22:

non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

id. ib. 1, 11:

mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 14;

1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

Quint. 1, 2, 30:

hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

Quint. 9, 2, 41.—

With acc. and inf.:

erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3:

hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—

With quod or quia:

maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

id. 12, 9, 6:

nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

id. 9, 2, 53:

hoc ipso, quod,

id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

id. 6, 2, 36:

hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

Quint. 10, 1, 15.—

With ut or ne:

nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

id. ib. 81:

atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4;

for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 15:

quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 51; so,

in hoc, ut,

id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

Vell. 2, 41 fin. —

Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—

Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,

hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

hac illac circumcursa,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

sequere me ergo hac intro,

id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

i hac mecum intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —

hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.

In space.

Lit.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

ego jam dudum hic adsum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

hic tui omnes valent,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

Ov. M. 1, 319:

hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

hicine,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

Verg. G. 1, 54:

hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

hic proxume viciniae,

in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—

Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

hic jam plura non dicam,

id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

Vell. 2, 49, 3.—

Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

hic reddes omnia,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

hic ego quid praedicem?

Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

hic cum uterque me intueretur,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

hic cum,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

hic Scipio, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—

huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.

With subst.:

hic homo sanus non est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

genus hoc,

id. ib. 1, 25:

hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

id. ib. 1, 1:

his libris,

id. ib. 1, 7:

hae feriae,

id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

hoc otio,

id. ib. 9 fin.:

haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

id. ib. 1, 10:

ad haec cituma,

id. ib. 1, 21:

hic vir,

Liv. 7, 39, 12.—

Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 12:

haec Scipio cum dixisset,

id. ib. 1, 11:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 7.—

More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

hujusce,

id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

hisce homines ubi habitent,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

hisce,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

haec aedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

haec (puellae),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

haec sententiae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

aliut posticum harunce aedium,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

harunc aedium,

id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

horunc,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

harunc aedium,

id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

hisce,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

hosce,

id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

apud hasce aedes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

hasce,

id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

hicinest?

id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

haecine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

huncine hominem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

so in the shorter form, hicne,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

ex hocne equo,

id. Fat. 3, 5:

cum hocne,

id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

ex hacne natura,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

HVIVSQ. LOCI,

id. ib. 1580; 2300;

and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

id. ib. 2488.—

With other pronouns:

hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

haec eadem genera,

Quint. 6, 3, 54:

hoc ipsum civile jus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

ad hunc eum ipsum,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

idem hoc ipsum,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

huic illi legato,

id. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

hujus istius facti stultitia,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

ista haec epigrammata,

Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

callidum quendam hunc,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—

Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

id. 3, 6, 95:

in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

id. 5, 7, 33:

haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

Quint. 4, 4, 8:

vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

id. 7, 3, 9:

alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

Ov. M. 1, 293.—

Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—

In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

quid hoc hominist?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

quid hoc morbi est?

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

quid hoc est negoti?

id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

edormiscam hoc villi,

id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

Liv. 42, 18, 7:

hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

id. 5, 2, 8:

hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

id. 3, 25, 4:

hoc consilii,

id. 5, 39, 6:

hoc solacii,

id. 30, 13, 13:

hoc noctis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—

Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

lucet hoc,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—

Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

huic homini, i. q. mihi,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

hic homo, i. q. ego,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

hunc hominem, i. q. me,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

haec res,

my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

hunc in collum,

my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—

With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

Liv. 3, 20:

his temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

ante hos sex menses,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

ante hoc triduum,

Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.

Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).

With relat. clause:

Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

id. ib. 1, 22:

non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

id. ib. 1, 11:

mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 14;

1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

Quint. 1, 2, 30:

hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

Quint. 9, 2, 41.—

With acc. and inf.:

erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3:

hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—

With quod or quia:

maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

id. 12, 9, 6:

nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

id. 9, 2, 53:

hoc ipso, quod,

id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

id. 6, 2, 36:

hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

Quint. 10, 1, 15.—

With ut or ne:

nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

id. ib. 81:

atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4;

for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 15:

quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 51; so,

in hoc, ut,

id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

Vell. 2, 41 fin. —

Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—

Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,

hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

hac illac circumcursa,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

sequere me ergo hac intro,

id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

i hac mecum intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —

hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.

In space.

Lit.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

ego jam dudum hic adsum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

hic tui omnes valent,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

Ov. M. 1, 319:

hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

hicine,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

Verg. G. 1, 54:

hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

hic proxume viciniae,

in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—

Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

hic jam plura non dicam,

id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

Vell. 2, 49, 3.—

Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

hic reddes omnia,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

hic ego quid praedicem?

Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

hic cum uterque me intueretur,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

hic cum,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

hic Scipio, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—

huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.

With subst.:

hic homo sanus non est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

genus hoc,

id. ib. 1, 25:

hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

id. ib. 1, 1:

his libris,

id. ib. 1, 7:

hae feriae,

id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

hoc otio,

id. ib. 9 fin.:

haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

id. ib. 1, 10:

ad haec cituma,

id. ib. 1, 21:

hic vir,

Liv. 7, 39, 12.—

Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 12:

haec Scipio cum dixisset,

id. ib. 1, 11:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 7.—

More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

hujusce,

id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

hisce homines ubi habitent,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

hisce,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

haec aedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

haec (puellae),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

haec sententiae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

aliut posticum harunce aedium,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

harunc aedium,

id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

horunc,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

harunc aedium,

id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

hisce,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

hosce,

id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

apud hasce aedes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

hasce,

id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

hicinest?

id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

haecine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

huncine hominem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

so in the shorter form, hicne,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

ex hocne equo,

id. Fat. 3, 5:

cum hocne,

id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

ex hacne natura,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

HVIVSQ. LOCI,

id. ib. 1580; 2300;

and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

id. ib. 2488.—

With other pronouns:

hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

haec eadem genera,

Quint. 6, 3, 54:

hoc ipsum civile jus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

ad hunc eum ipsum,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

idem hoc ipsum,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

huic illi legato,

id. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

hujus istius facti stultitia,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

ista haec epigrammata,

Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

callidum quendam hunc,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—

Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

id. 3, 6, 95:

in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

id. 5, 7, 33:

haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

Quint. 4, 4, 8:

vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

id. 7, 3, 9:

alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

Ov. M. 1, 293.—

Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—

In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

quid hoc hominist?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

quid hoc morbi est?

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

quid hoc est negoti?

id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

edormiscam hoc villi,

id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

Liv. 42, 18, 7:

hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

id. 5, 2, 8:

hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

id. 3, 25, 4:

hoc consilii,

id. 5, 39, 6:

hoc solacii,

id. 30, 13, 13:

hoc noctis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—

Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

lucet hoc,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—

Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

huic homini, i. q. mihi,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

hic homo, i. q. ego,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

hunc hominem, i. q. me,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

haec res,

my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

hunc in collum,

my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—

With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

Liv. 3, 20:

his temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

ante hos sex menses,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

ante hoc triduum,

Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.

Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).

With relat. clause:

Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

id. ib. 1, 22:

non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

id. ib. 1, 11:

mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 14;

1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

Quint. 1, 2, 30:

hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

Quint. 9, 2, 41.—

With acc. and inf.:

erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3:

hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—

With quod or quia:

maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

id. 12, 9, 6:

nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

id. 9, 2, 53:

hoc ipso, quod,

id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

id. 6, 2, 36:

hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

Quint. 10, 1, 15.—

With ut or ne:

nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

id. ib. 81:

atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4;

for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 15:

quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 51; so,

in hoc, ut,

id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

Vell. 2, 41 fin. —

Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—

Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,

hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

hac illac circumcursa,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

sequere me ergo hac intro,

id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

i hac mecum intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —

hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.

In space.

Lit.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

ego jam dudum hic adsum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

hic tui omnes valent,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

Ov. M. 1, 319:

hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

hicine,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

Verg. G. 1, 54:

hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

hic proxume viciniae,

in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—

Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

hic jam plura non dicam,

id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

Vell. 2, 49, 3.—

Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

hic reddes omnia,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

hic ego quid praedicem?

Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

hic cum uterque me intueretur,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

hic cum,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

hic Scipio, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—

huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.

With subst.:

hic homo sanus non est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

genus hoc,

id. ib. 1, 25:

hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

id. ib. 1, 1:

his libris,

id. ib. 1, 7:

hae feriae,

id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

hoc otio,

id. ib. 9 fin.:

haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

id. ib. 1, 10:

ad haec cituma,

id. ib. 1, 21:

hic vir,

Liv. 7, 39, 12.—

Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 12:

haec Scipio cum dixisset,

id. ib. 1, 11:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 7.—

More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

hujusce,

id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

hisce homines ubi habitent,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

hisce,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

haec aedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

haec (puellae),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

haec sententiae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

aliut posticum harunce aedium,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

harunc aedium,

id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

horunc,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

harunc aedium,

id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

hisce,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

hosce,

id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

apud hasce aedes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

hasce,

id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

hicinest?

id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

haecine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

huncine hominem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

so in the shorter form, hicne,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

ex hocne equo,

id. Fat. 3, 5:

cum hocne,

id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

ex hacne natura,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

HVIVSQ. LOCI,

id. ib. 1580; 2300;

and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

id. ib. 2488.—

With other pronouns:

hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

haec eadem genera,

Quint. 6, 3, 54:

hoc ipsum civile jus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

ad hunc eum ipsum,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

idem hoc ipsum,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

huic illi legato,

id. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

hujus istius facti stultitia,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

ista haec epigrammata,

Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

callidum quendam hunc,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—

Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

id. 3, 6, 95:

in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

id. 5, 7, 33:

haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

Quint. 4, 4, 8:

vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

id. 7, 3, 9:

alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

Ov. M. 1, 293.—

Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—

In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

quid hoc hominist?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

quid hoc morbi est?

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

quid hoc est negoti?

id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

edormiscam hoc villi,

id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

Liv. 42, 18, 7:

hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

id. 5, 2, 8:

hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

id. 3, 25, 4:

hoc consilii,

id. 5, 39, 6:

hoc solacii,

id. 30, 13, 13:

hoc noctis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—

Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

lucet hoc,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—

Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

huic homini, i. q. mihi,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

hic homo, i. q. ego,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

hunc hominem, i. q. me,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

haec res,

my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

hunc in collum,

my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—

With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

Liv. 3, 20:

his temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

ante hos sex menses,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

ante hoc triduum,

Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.

Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).

With relat. clause:

Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

id. ib. 1, 22:

non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

id. ib. 1, 11:

mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 14;

1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

Quint. 1, 2, 30:

hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

Quint. 9, 2, 41.—

With acc. and inf.:

erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3:

hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—

With quod or quia:

maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

id. 12, 9, 6:

nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

id. 9, 2, 53:

hoc ipso, quod,

id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

id. 6, 2, 36:

hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

Quint. 10, 1, 15.—

With ut or ne:

nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

id. ib. 81:

atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4;

for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 15:

quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 51; so,

in hoc, ut,

id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

Vell. 2, 41 fin. —

Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—

Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,

hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

hac illac circumcursa,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

sequere me ergo hac intro,

id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

i hac mecum intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —

hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.

In space.

Lit.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

ego jam dudum hic adsum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

hic tui omnes valent,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

Ov. M. 1, 319:

hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

hicine,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

Verg. G. 1, 54:

hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

hic proxume viciniae,

in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—

Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

hic jam plura non dicam,

id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

Vell. 2, 49, 3.—

Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

hic reddes omnia,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

hic ego quid praedicem?

Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

hic cum uterque me intueretur,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

hic cum,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

hic Scipio, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—

huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

hīc, haec, hoc ( gen. hujus, monosyl., Plaut. Am. prol. 51; 96; 1, 1, 115; dat. huic, Sidon. Carm. 7, 145; Avien. Descr. Orb. 22; dat. sing. fem. hae rei, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; acc. HONC for hunc, C. I. L. 1, 32; nom. plur. hic, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 = Ann. v. 414 Vahl.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Mull.; fem. haec, v. infra, B. init.; dat. and abl. hibus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 78 Mull.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 203 sqq.), pron. demonstr. [from the pronom. root i (whence also comes is), with the demonstr. suffix ce ] points to something near or present, or which is conceived of as present, this.

With subst.:

hic homo sanus non est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 246:

rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest... apud hunc fluvium, etc.,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 53:

quid praeclarum putet in rebus humanis, qui haec deorum regna perspexerit? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

genus hoc,

id. ib. 1, 25:

hoc avunculo, atque in hac tam clara re publica natus,

id. ib. 1, 19; cf.:

quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt, et qui sunt procul ab aetatis hujus memoria,

id. ib. 1, 1:

his libris,

id. ib. 1, 7:

hae feriae,

id. ib. 1, 9; 1, 20; cf.:

hoc otio,

id. ib. 9 fin.:

haec caelestia vel studiosissime solet quaerere,

id. ib. 1, 10:

ad haec cituma,

id. ib. 1, 21:

hic vir,

Liv. 7, 39, 12.—

Absol. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 520):

hic insidiantes vigilant, Enn. l. l.: hi domum me ad se auferent,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94: non mihi videtur, quod hi venerunt, alius nobis sermo esse quaerendus, sed agendum accuratius, et dicendum dignum aliquid horum auribus, Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

feceris (ut etiam pro his dicam) nobis gratum omnibus,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

hoc ubi Amphitruo erus conspicatus est, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 87:

docere hoc poterat ille homines paene agrestes, et apud imperitos audebat haec dicere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

dixerat hoc ille, cum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 12:

haec Scipio cum dixisset,

id. ib. 1, 11:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 7.—

More emphatic, in the original full form, hīce, haece, hōce (not, as formerly written, hicce, haecce, hocce; in gen. sing. HVIVSQVE; in nom. plur. hisce, like ieis = ei, and ques = qui, see below; and apocopated in nom. plur. fem. haec for haece, and in gen. plur. horunc, harunc, for horunce, harunce);

and, with the interrogative particle, hicine, haecine, hocine (mostly ante - class.): hoce haud dubium est quin, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

eum hinc profugiens vendidit in Alide Patri hujusce,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 10; so,

hujusce,

id. Poen. prol. 120; 5, 4, 76; 87; cf.:

atque hujusce rei judicium jam continuo video futurum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

hisce homines ubi habitent,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 36; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; so,

hisce,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 125; id. Capt. prol. 35 Fleck.; id. Rud. 2, 1, 5 ib., and perh. also id. Mil. 4, 8, 24 (Ritschl, hice): hice, Att. ap. Non. 15, 29 (Trag. Rel. v. 122 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

haec aedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 53; 3, 1, 117; so,

haec sunt atque aliae multae in magnis dotibus Incommoditates,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 58:

haec (puellae),

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34:

haec sententiae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; 3, 34, 84; Lucr. 3, 601; Verg. G. 3, 305; cf. Bentl. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 24:

aliut posticum harunce aedium,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 41; cf.:

harunc aedium,

id. Most. 2, 1, 57:

sine opera tua nihil di horunc facere possunt,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 53:

horunc,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 48; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 97; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33:

cedo signum, si harunc Baccharum es,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 25:

harunc aedium,

id. Merc. 5, 1, 3:

hisce ego Placidum ted hodie reddam,

id. Curc. 5, 3, 48; cf.:

quid dicam hisce, incertus sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 36:

tu ab hisce rebus animum avoca,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5; so,

hisce,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 13; id. Most. 1, 3, 81; 1, 4, 23; 2, 2, 71; 4, 2, 35 et saep.: Thr. Tu hosce instrue. Gn Illuc est sapere! ut hosce instruxit, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11; so,

hosce,

id. ib. 1, 2, 71; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; 4, 5, 4; id. Ad. 5, 7, 5; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 4:

apud hasce aedes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 194; so,

hasce,

id. As. 2, 3, 1; id. Aul. 2, 4, 2; 2, 8, 15; id. Capt. 4, 2, 51; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 17 et saep.—

With the interrog. particle: hicin' Achilles est?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 61; so,

hicinest?

id. Pers. 5, 2, 49; cf.:

hicine vir patriae natus usquam nisi in patria morietur?

Cic. Mil. 38, 104 et saep.:

haecine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Ep. 4, 2, 5; 5, 1, 15; id. Pers. 4, 3, 75; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 24:

huncine hominem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68; cf.:

huncine hominem! hancine impudentiam! judices, hanc audaciam!

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

hocine hic pacto potest Inhibere imperium magister?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 43:

o Juppiter, hoscine mores!

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 40:

hacine victoria sola aut hac praeda contenti estis futuri,

Liv. 10, 17, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 3;

so in the shorter form, hicne,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141:

ex hocne equo,

id. Fat. 3, 5:

cum hocne,

id. Att. 9, 7, 3:

ex hacne natura,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62: haece locutus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.) al.—So, Fortuna hujusce diei, as a particular deity, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54;

in inscrr. also written HVIVSQVE DIEI,

Inscr. Orell. 5; cf.:

HVIVSQ. LOCI,

id. ib. 1580; 2300;

and HOIVSQVE AEDIS ERGO,

id. ib. 2488.—

With other pronouns:

hos eosdem motus perturbationes dixerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 7; cf.:

cum idem hoc visum diceretur,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc idem fit in reliquis civitatibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15, 2; id. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 17:

haec eadem centurionibus tribunisque militum mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17 fin.:

haec eadem genera,

Quint. 6, 3, 54:

hoc ipsum civile jus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

sed hoc ipsum ex superiore pendet quaestione,

Quint. 2, 1, 8; 8, 3, 45:

ad hunc eum ipsum,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2 Goer. N. cr.; cf.:

idem hoc ipsum,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26:

huic illi legato,

id. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem, quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15: haec est illa, quae deinôsis vocatur, id. 6, 2, 24:

hujus istius facti stultitia,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

ista haec epigrammata,

Sid. Ep. 2, 10: hunc talem virum, Cic. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

callidum quendam hunc,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218.—

Opp. to ille, iste, less freq. to hic, alter, alius, etc., this, the latter, to indicate the nearer object (which is to be determined not so much by the phraseology as by the thought; so that hic may refer to that noun whose position in the sentence is the more remote, but which is the most closely connected with the speaker, and of the most importance to him, in which case it is to be rendered by that, the former, etc.):

ejusdem esse, qui in illa re peccarit, hoc quoque admisisse,

Cic. Inv. 2, 16, 50:

in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari, quam in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

si deerunt haec remedia, ad illa declinandum est,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

cum hic testamento, ille proximitate nitatur,

id. 3, 6, 95:

in his judicem sibi, in illis alii credere,

id. 5, 7, 33:

haec pars perorationis accusatori patronoque ex aequo communis est. Affectibus quoque iisdem fere utuntur: sed varius hic, ille saepius ac magis,

id. 6, 1, 8; cf. id. 6, 2, 12; 17:

cum tu ista caelestia de Scipione quaesieris, ego autem haec, quae videntur ante oculos, esse magis putem quaerenda,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

iisdem enim hic sapiens, de quo loquor, oculis, quibus iste vester, caelum, terram, mare intuebitur,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

si hoc loco scripsisset, isto verbo usus non esset, non isto loco verbum istud collocasset,

id. Inv. 2, 41, 121:

has igitur tot sententias ut omittamus, haec nunc videamus, quae diu multumque defensa sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 130:

Caesar facile diceret: Hic versus Plauti non est, hic est,

this... that, id. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

ego hoc dico. adversarius hoc,

Quint. 4, 4, 8:

vendidit hic auro patriam... Hic thalamum invasit natae,

Verg. A. 6, 621 sq.:

hi molium objectus, hi proximas scaphas scandere,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

quid responsuri sint adversarii his et his... cum sciret haec et haec,

Quint. 6, 1, 3 sq.:

interim quaeritur: hoc an hoc? furtum an sacrilegium?

id. 7, 3, 9:

alter (Roscius) plurimarum palmarum vetus ac nobilis gladiator habetur, hic autem nuper se ad eum lanistam contulit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

occupat hic collem, cymba sedet alter adunca,

Ov. M. 1, 293.—

Referring to that which in the speaker's mind is the nearer object, although by the position of the words it is the more remote: quam ob rem cave Catoni anteponas ne istum quidem ipsum, quem Apollo sapientissimum judicavit (i. e. Socratem): Hujus enim (i. e. Catonis, of the former) facta, illius (i. e. Socratis) dicta laudantur, Cic. Lael. 2, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 7:

hanc posteriorem (artem) et Stoici et Peripatetici, priorem autem illi (i. e. Peripatetici) egregie tradiderunt, hi (i. e. Stoici) ne attigerunt quidem,

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

hoc Cicero atque Asinius certatim sunt usi: pro Scauro hic, ille pro filio,

Quint. 6, 1, 21; 3, 10, 1:

melior tutiorque est certa pax quam sperata victoria: haec in tua, illa in deorum manu est,

the former... the latter, Liv. 30, 30, 19:

quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer: Fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 24; id. M. 1, 697.—

In the neutr. sing. subst., with gen.:

quid hoc hominist?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf. Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 8:

quid hoc morbi est?

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

quid hoc est negoti?

id. Ad. 4, 5, 71; cf. id. Eun. 3, 4, 6:

hoc fructi pro labore ab his fero,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 16:

edormiscam hoc villi,

id. ib. 5, 2, 11:

hoc commodi est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

hoc copiarum in Hispanias portatum est,

Liv. 42, 18, 7:

hoc servitutis injunxisse, ut, etc.,

id. 5, 2, 8:

hoc intervalli datum res tranquillas in urbe fecit,

id. 3, 25, 4:

hoc consilii,

id. 5, 39, 6:

hoc solacii,

id. 30, 13, 13:

hoc noctis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2; 11; 136.—

Hoc with verbs impers., pleonast. as a subject (ante-class.):

eamus, Amphitruo: lucescit hoc jam,

there is daybreak, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: luciscit hoc jam, [p. 853] Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 1:

lucet hoc,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63; cf. id. Curc. 1, 3, 26.—

Pregn. (qs. pointing to something with the finger), this, this... here (ante-class. and poet.); most freq. of the speaker himself, like the Gr. hode, for ego:

hic homost omnium hominum praecipuos,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 1:

hic si quid nobis forte adversi evenerit, tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 115; so,

huic homini, i. q. mihi,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 38:

hic homo, i. q. ego,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

hunc hominem, i. q. me,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 47; cf.:

vin' tu huic seni auscultare?

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 8; id. And. 2, 1, 10; Tib. 2, 6, 7:

haec res,

my property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 106:

hunc in collum,

my neck, id. Pers. 4, 6, 9 Brix (Ritschl, huc): ni haec praesensisset canes, this dog, = ego, id. Trin. 1, 2, 135 Brix ad loc.—In neutr. absol.: tu quod te posterius purges hanc injuriam mihi nolle Factam esse, hujus non faciam, not so much, i. e. not the least, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9.—

With reference to time, of this time, now present, actual, this:

cena hac annona est sine sacris hereditas,

in the present scarcity, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

sed nondum haec, quae nunc tenet saeculum, neglegentia deum venerat,

Liv. 3, 20:

his temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

M. Cato, hujus nostri Catonis pater,

id. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.:

si potius ad antiquorum diligentiam, quam ad horum luxuriam dirigas aedificationem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 6 sq.:

etenim qui haec vituperare volunt, Chrysogonum tantum posse queruntur,

the present times, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

ne horum quidem magnificentia operum,

Liv. 1, 55 fin.;

very rarely of time just ended: ante hos annos quadraginta,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143:

ante hos sex menses,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 10:

ante hoc triduum,

Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 5 init.; Aug. Serm. 270, 3.

Very freq. referring to a thought that follows, and which may be expressed by a relative sentence, or by a sentence denoting the object, cause, or effect; with qui, quae, quod, an acc. and inf., quod, ut, ne, etc. (more clearly indicative than the determinative, is, ea, id; though freq. confounded with it in MSS. and editt.).

With relat. clause:

Qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater Servitutis: hic, qui verna natust, conqueritur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 24; cf.:

eos, qui, etc.... his, qui, etc.... longe duco esse anteponendos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

neque his contentus sum, quae de ista consultatione scripta nobis summi ex Graecia homines reliquerunt, neque ea, quae mihi videntur, anteferre illis audeo,

id. ib. 1, 22:

non est tibi his solis utendum existimationibus ac judiciis, qui nunc sunt, hominum, sed iis etiam, qui futuri sunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

quis hic est homo, quem ante aedis video hoc noctis?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo? nempe ab his, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17:

haec quae sunt in hoc genere,

id. ib. 1, 11:

mundus hic totus, quod domicilium di nobis dederunt,

id. ib. 1, 13:

hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 14;

1, 16: in his libris, quos legistis,

id. Leg. 1, 9, 27; cf. id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat,

id. Tusc. 1, 18, 41 et saep.:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti, suis qui filiis fecere insidias,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90; cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

servi, qui, cum culpa carint, tamen malum Metuont, hi solent esse eris utibiles,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2 sq.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 19:

de Bruti amore etsi mihi nihil novi adfers: tamen hoc audio libentius, quo saepius,

id. Att. 13, 36 fin.; cf.:

is porro, quo generosior celsiorque est, hoc majoribus velut organis commovetur,

Quint. 1, 2, 30:

hoc primum videamus, quidnam sit, de altero sole quod nuntiatum est in senatu, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 24:

mire tractat hoc Cicero pro Milone quae facturus fuerit Clodius, si praeturam invasisset,

Quint. 9, 2, 41.—

With acc. and inf.:

erat tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

sed hoc vir excellenti providentia sensit ac vidit, non esse opportunissimos situs maritimos urbibus iis, quae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3:

hoc tantum admiror, Flavum, etc.,

Quint. 7, 4, 40; 11, 1, 22:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1: hoc simul accipe dictum: Quorum..., Eorundem libertati me parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204 Vahl.); cf.

with appositive clause: sic hoc proloquar: Principio, ut illo advenimus, Continuo Amphitruo delegit viros, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

ut hoc: Non debes alienam uxorem optare,

Quint. 7, 1, 25; cf. id. 9, 4, 97; 9, 2, 32.—

With quod or quia:

maxime hoc mihi mirum videri solet, quod, qui tranquillo mari gubernare se negent posse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6:

quaesierat ex me Scipio, quidnam sentirem de hoc, quod duo soles visos esse constaret,

id. ib. 1, 13; Quint. 9, 1, 1:

propter hoc ipsum ostendenda non sunt, quod apparent,

id. 12, 9, 6:

nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare... sed hoc superari, quod diuturnitate pugnae, etc.,

in this that, herein that, Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 30:

hoc ipso fidem detrahimus illis, quod sint tam gravia,

id. 9, 2, 53:

hoc ipso, quod,

id. 4, 1, 54; 5, 11, 41; 6, 2, 16 et saep.: consilio vestro utar libenter, et hoc libentius, quod, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 1; cf.:

id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 3:

hoc esse miseriorem gravioremque fortunam Sequanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 32, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 22:

hoc magis, quod (al. quia) illic ut litigatores loquimur frequentius,

id. 6, 2, 36:

hoc sese excruciat animi, Quia leno ademit cistulam ei,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 57:

quod hoc etiam mirabilius debet videri, quia, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12; cf.:

hoc sunt exempla potentiora, quia, etc.,

Quint. 10, 1, 15.—

With ut or ne:

nunc hoc me orare a vobis jussit Juppiter, ut conquistores, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 64; cf.:

hoc quoque etiam mihi in mandatis dedit, Ut conquistores, etc.,

id. ib. 81:

atque hoc evenit In labore atque in dolore, ut mors obrepat interim,

id. Ps. 2, 3, 19:

nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc.... neque hoc polliceor me facturum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut... sed ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4;

for which: homines sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 15:

quare hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut aetas nostra, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 1 fin.; id. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rep. 1, 12:

plurimum in hoc laboris exhausimus, ut ostenderemus, etc.,

Quint. 8 praef. § 6; cf.:

habenda fides est vel in hoc, ut, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 51; so,

in hoc, ut,

id. 6, 3, 15; 10, 3, 29: hoc erit tibi argumentum semper in promptu situm: Ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin. (Sat. v. 37 Vahl.); so,

in hoc scilicet, ne suspectus his foret,

Vell. 2, 41 fin. —

Hoc est serves to annex a more particular explanation of what has been said, that is, that is to say, namely:

in hac causa dicam de eo prius, quod apud vos plurimum debet valere, hoc est, de voluntate eorum, quibus injuriae factae sunt,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

quadriennium, hoc est, ex quo tempore fundus veniit,

id. Caecin. 7, 19; 34, 100:

cum honos agebatur amplissimus familiae vestrae, hoc est, consulatus parentis tui,

id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 8:

primum quaero, qua ratione Naevius susceptum negotium non transegerit, hoc est, cur bona non vendiderit,

id. Quint. 24, 76 et saep.—Sarcastically:

ut haberet (Clodius) ad praeturam gerendam, hoc est, ad evertendam rem publicam plenum annum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

at quam crebro usurpat Et consul et Antonius! Hoc est dicere: Et consul et homo impudicissimus, Et consul et homo nequissimus,

id. Phil. 2, 28, 70.—

Hoc est or ĕrat, quod, with the accessory idea of indignation or reproach, is or was it for this that, etc.:

hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis Eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus... cernam?

Verg. A. 2, 664; Petr. 93.—Hence,

hāc, in this place, on this side, this way, here (class.): nunc Juppiter hac stat, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565: Ar. Hac quidem non venit. Le. Angiporto Illac per hortum circuit clam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 151:

nunc hac An illac eam, incerta sum consili,

id. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

plenus rimarum sum: hac atque illac perfluo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25; cf.:

hac illac circumcursa,

id. Heaut. 3, 2, 1; and: mox hac atque illa rapti, Tac. Agr. 28:

sequere hac, reducam te ubi fuisti,

this way, hither, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; id. As. 4, 2, 1; id. Men. 4, 1, 4; id. Poen. 1, 2, 116; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

sequere hac me intus ad Glycerium nunc,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 14:

sequere me ergo hac intro,

id. Ad. 4, 3, 18:

i hac mecum intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 56; 62; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35 sq.:

quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra pergimus?... Nos vero: et hac quidem adire si placet, per ripam et umbram,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat. Hac nostris erat receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5; 2, 2, 3.—Hac-hac, for hac-illac ( poet.):

namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai, Hac Phryges,

Verg. A. 1, 467 sq.; Prop. 1, 3, 13; rarely in full form with the interrog. particle ne:

utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (cf. Ladewig, Anal. Scaen. p. 22). —

hīc (old form heic; and with the interrog. part. ne, hicine), adv. loci, in this place, here.

In space.

Lit.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, etc.... Senex qui hic habitat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.:

ego jam dudum hic adsum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 5:

quem praestolare hic ante ostium?

id. ib. 5, 6, 5:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

hic tui omnes valent,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 3:

non modo hic, ubi, etc... sed, ubicumque, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

mons ibi arduus Nomine Parnasus... hic ubi Deucalion... parva rate vectus adhaesit,

Ov. M. 1, 319:

hic (sc. Carthagine) illius (Junonis) arma, Hic currus fuit,

Verg. A. 1, 16 et saep.: Pa. Philocomasium hicine etiam nunc est? Pe Quom exibam, hic erat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 25; cf.: Ch. Ubi ego sum? hicine an apud mortuos? Eut. Neque apud mortuos neque hic es, id. Merc. 3, 4, 17:

hicine,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 21; 4, 2, 80; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 al.: Da. Cedo fenus, redde fenus, fenus reddite, etc.... Tr. Fenus illic, fenus hic, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 76:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,

Verg. G. 1, 54:

hic, illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes,

Ov. M. 7, 581 (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 519).—With gen.:

hic proxume viciniae,

in this neighborhood, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2:

modo vidi virginem hic viciniae miseram,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 45.—With ne: hicine libertatem aiunt aequam esse omnibus? is it here that, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 29 (cf. hic, I. B. fin.).—

Transf., in this affair, on this occasion, in this particular, herein, here:

hic, quantum in bello fortuna possit, cognosci potuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 2; Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 49:

hic tu tabulas desideras Heracliensium publicas,

id. Arch. 4, 8; cf.:

hic vos dubitabitis, judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 109:

hic miramur, hunc hominem tantum excellere ceteris? etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39:

hic jam plura non dicam,

id. ib. 9, 24; id. Planc. 41, 99; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66 (cf. II. fin. infra):

hic, ubi opus est, non verentur: illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

ut cum hic tibi satisfecerimus, istic quoque nostram in te benevolentiam navare possimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3.—Referring to the noun whose position in the sentence is the most remote (cf. I. D. 2.):

alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior: hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia,

Vell. 2, 49, 3.—

Of time, i. q. nunc or tum, now, here; then, hereupon, at this time, at this juncture:

hic reddes omnia,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 15:

hic ego quid praedicem?

Cic. Sest. 5, 12; id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

hic cum uterque me intueretur,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 1; so,

hic cum,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; Nep. Milt. 3, 3:

hic tum Fabricius frequentes eos ad me domum adduxit,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; so, hic tum, id. ib 20, 56; 27, 73; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26 §

66 al.: hic regina gravem poposcit pateram,

Verg. A. 1, 728.—So very freq. to introduce the beginning of a speech: hic Laelius (inquit); hic Philus;

hic Scipio, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 23; 24 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; 3, 8, 3; 5, 15, 4; id. Ac. 2, 4, 10; id. de Or. 2, 50, 202; Verg. A. 9, 246 et saep.—

huc (access. form hoc), v. huc.

ἐπί prep. w. gen., dat., or acc.; s. the lit. on ἀνά, beg. (Hom.+). The basic idea is ‘upon’ (opp. ὑπό) Kühner-G. I 495; s. also Rob 600–605. (In the foll. classifications case use is presented seriatim; in earlier editions of this lexicon all sections, except 13, 17, and 18 [of time], were included under the general rubric ‘Place’.)

① marker of location or surface, answering the question ‘where?’ on, upon, near

ⓐ w. gen., marking a position on a surface ἐ. (τῆς) γῆς on (the) earth (cp. En 9:1; 98:1; ἐ. γῆς 25:6; PsSol 17:2) Mt 6:10, 19; 9:6; 23:9; Mk 6:47 al. (Ar. 12, 1; Just., A I, 54, 7 al.). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης on the sea (cp. Job 9:8; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 129 βαδίζειν ἐ. τῆς θαλ.; Lucian, Philops. 13 βαδίζειν ἐφʼ ὕδατος, VH 2, 4; Artem. 3, 16 ἐ. τ. θαλάσσης περιπατεῖν; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 15 p. 5, 26ff relying on the testimony of Hesiod: Orion was given a gift [δωρεά] by the gods καὶ ἐ. κυμάτων πορεύεσθαι καὶ ἐ. τῆς γῆς) Mt 14:26; Mk 6:48f; J 6:19 (w. acc. P⁷⁵; s. 4bβ below). ἐ. τῶν νεφελῶν on the clouds Mt 24:30; 26:64 (Da 7:13; cp. Philo, Praem. 8). ἐ. κλίνης 9:2; Lk 17:34. ἐ. τοῦ δώματος on the roof vs. 31; Mt 24:17; 10:27 foll. by pl. W. verbs: κάθημαι ἐ. τινος sit on someth. (Job 2:8; ἐ. τοῦ ἅρματος GrBar 6:2; cp. JosAs 27:1 ἐ. τοῦ ὀχήματος καθεζόμενος; Just., D. 90, 5 ἐ. λίθου καθεζόμενος) Mt 24:3; 27:19; Ac 8:28; Rv 6:16; 9:17 (the same prep. used in Rv w. κάθημαι and dat. s. bα below, and w. acc. cα). ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τινος stand on someth. Ac 21:40; Rv 10:5, 8 (Just., D. 86, 2 ἐστηρίχθαι). With parts of the body: ἐ. χειρῶν αἴρειν carry on (i.e. in/with) their hands Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). ἐ. κεφαλῆς on the head (Hdt. 5, 12, 4) J 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rv 12:1. ἐ. τοῦ μετώπου Rv 7:3; 9:4. ἐ. γυμνοῦ on the naked body Mk 14:51. Cp. use of ἐπί w. καθίζω and gen., and ἐπί w. κάθημαι and acc. Mt 19:28.—In a gener. and fig. sense Ac 21:23.